Pulse Characteristics 1
Pulse Generators 2
Timing Circuits 4
Period Generators 7
Digital Period Generators 10
Counter Resolution 13
Duration and Delay Timers 15
Digital Duration Generator 17
Duration > Period Fault Detector 17
PG Comparators 18
Amplitude Processor Circuits 20
Level Processor 21
Level-Processing Multipliers 23
Transition Processor 33
Output Amplifier 35
Output Amplifier Resistance 35
Amplifier Active Termination Resistance 37
Amplifier Zo Compensation 41
FG Performance Characteristics 46
Op-Amp Integrator TWG 48
Current-Source TWGs 56
Differential TWGs 60
FG506 Autosymmetric TWG 61
HP3314A TWG 64
FG506 Sweeping FG 66
FG506 Specifications 67
FG506 Voltage to Current Converter 69
VCF, Symmetry, and Gating 71
Logarithmic Frequency Sweep 72
Frequency Control 74
Sweep Control Logic 77
TWG Dynamics 79
Capacitance Multipliers 85
Piecewise-Linear Sine Shapers 87
Breakpoint Algorithm 89
Sine Converters Based on tanh(x) 95
Translinear Sine Converters 100
FG506 Output Amplifier 106
FG506 Power Supply 108
Amplitude, Frequency, Symmetry, and Gating Control 111
FG Functions 112
Tabular Waveform Generation 114
Incremental Waveform Generation 117
Digital Integration Approximations 119
The Digital Sequence z-Domain 122
DI Frequency Response 125
TRI Dynamics and w-Domain 130
DI Amplitude Stability 132
Incremental Waveform Simulation 134
Digital Integrators as Logic Circuits 140
WGs as Instruments 144
Trigger and Gate Processing 148
Period Generator 154
Delay and Duration Generators 157
Transition and Level Processors 160
Output Amplifier 164
Pulse Amplifier 168
Mode Switching 168
Feedback-Path Sense Amplifiers 170
Forward-Path Amplifier 171
Output Resistance 174
Amplifier Voltage Margin and Supply Voltage 175
Load Current Limitations 175
Pulse Amplifier Voltage Mode 176
Pulse Amplifier Current Mode 177
Overcurrent Protection 178
Pulse Amplifier Dynamics 179
Feedback Amplifiers 179
Input Stage Error Amplifier, G1 180
Forward-Path Second Stage, G2 184
Cascode Stage Zero 185
PNP CB Stage 186
Forward-Path Output Stage, G3 187
Load Cable Dynamics 191
Cable Configuration and Capacitance 193
G3 Gain 195
Cable Compensation 195
Pulse Amplifier Loop Response 197
Charger and Ohmmeter 206
Ohmmeter Current Source 206
Ohmmeter Amplifier 215
Ground Fault Resistance 217
Charger 218
Wilson Current Mirror 221
Dual Isolation Amplifier 222
LOC LED Driver 225
Input Offset and AZ Correction Range 226
Autozero Circuit 228
Photo-Diode Amplifiers (PDAs) 231
Isoamp Transfer Function 233
PDA Dynamics 235
GLED Dynamics 240
GI Loop Dynamics 242
GI Closed-Loop Response 244
Power Supply 250
Ripple Current Windings 253
Transfer Power 254
Ripple Current 255
Magnetics Design of L1, L2 256
Design of Transductor X2 270
Ripple-Current Steering 277
Power Supply Control Circuit 279
Parasitic Resonance 282
Timing Processor 285
Amplitude Processor 288
Output Amplifier 290
Amplifier Static and Quasistatic Design 291
Amplifier Dynamic Design 298
Output Impedance 300
Output Attenuator 302
Power Supply 304
PG210 Switched Output Levels 305
PG220 and DDS Timing 306
FG201 TWG 307
XR2206 FG with Apple II Interface 310
Discrete-TWG FG with Apple II Interface 319
FG202 329
FG203 334
