Power Converter Design Optimization

Part 3: Converter Dynamics

13 Parasitic Resonance in Flyback Circuits

Resonance 646

Resonance Trigonometry 652

The Arctangent 652

Sums of Sine and Cosine 655

Sine and Cosine with Angle Offset 656

Symmetric Phase Offsets of Sines 659

Resonance in Frequency and Time 660

Inverse Laplace Transform of Pole-Pair with Zero at Origin 660

Inverse Laplace Transform of Pole-Pair and Finite Zero 661

Inverse Laplace Transform of Pole-Pair and Pole at Origin 663

Inverse Laplace Transform of Pole-Pair, Pole at Origin, and         Finite Zero 663

Trig and Inverse Laplace Transform Equations 664

Switched Linear Circuits 666

Parallel Resonant Circuit 667

   Integral of Decaying Sinusoid 669

   Derivative of Decaying Sinusoid 670

Switched Series Resonant Circuit 674

Resonant Circuit with Two Sources 676

RC Snubber 679

   RC Snubber Three-Pole Solution 684

   RC Snubber Time Response 686

   RC Snubber Power Dissipation 689

Flyback Voltage Clamp 690

Flyback CD Clamp 696

RCD Clamp 701

   RCD Clamp Power 719

RCD Flyback Clamp with CQ 712

   Flyback Clamp State 1 713

   Flyback Clamp State 2 714

   Flyback Clamp State 3 716

Flyback Resonant Current Transfer 721

14 Parasitic Resonance in Push-Pull Circuits

Push-Pull Circuit Resonance 726

Push-Pull Circuit States and Substates 728

Push-Pull State 1 730

      State Sequencing 732

      State 1 Circuit Analysis 734

Push-Pull State 2 738

   Push-Pull Switched Currents 741

   State 2 Duration 749

Push-Pull States 3 and 4 750

Push-Pull Resonance with RC Snubber 755

   Push-Pull RC Snubber, State 4A 756

   Push-Pull RC Snubber State 3 761

   Push-Pull RC Snubber State 2 763

Boost Push-Pull Resonance 764

Secondary Diode RC Damping 768

15 Incremental Switch Models

Linearized Circuit Analysis 771

SPST Switch Impedances 772

PWM-Switch Model 776

PWM-Switch Incremental Circuit Model 778

PWM-Switch Impedance Transforms 779

PWM-Switch Inductance Transforms 783

Power-Transfer Output Circuit 785

CP (Buck) Incremental Model 786

CA (Boost) Incremental Model 789

CL Incremental Model 792

Cuk Incremental Model 799

SEPIC Incremental Model 802

Cuk and SEPIC Transfer Functions 805

16 Converter Control

Converter Model Development 807

Root Locations of Quadratic Equations 809

   LC Output Circuits 812

   Resonant Pole-Pair in Loop 813

Control Scheme Categories 817

Inductor-Current Waveform Control 820

   CCM Triangle-Wave Convergence 822

Hysteresis CCM Current Control 825

   Current-Driven Chopper 827

Hysteresis Voltage Control 829

   Hysteresis CCM Voltage Control 830

   Hysteresis DCM Voltage Control 832

Constant-Time Control 838

   Constant Off-Time DCM Flyback Control 840

   Constant On-Time CCM Buck Control 844

Burst Control 845

   Burst PWM Voltage Control 846

Two-Parameter PWM 848

Constant-Power Load Resistance 850

   Input Port Stability 851

   Maximum Input-Power Charger 852

   Laser Flashlamp Simmer Supply 855

Average-Current Incremental Models 862

Sampled Feedback Loops 865

Discrete-Time Integration 870

17 Peak-Current Control

History of Model Progression 877

The Waveform Equations 879

The Slope Equations 884

Low-Frequency-Average and Unified Average iL  887

Closed-Loop Valley-Current Transfer Function 889

Valley and Average Currents Are Dynamically Different 894

Power-Transfer Function 896

Moving He(s) through the Summing Block 898

Simple Unified Model Derivation of Fm(s) 901

Refined Unified Model 902

   Refined Model Fm 908

Slope Compensation 910

   Current-Sampling Control Equation 913

   Negative Slope Compensation Scheme 913

   Equivalence of Localized iC 916

   Negative-Slope Incremental iM 917

   Positive-Slope Compensation Scheme 919

   On-Time Compensation Scheme 919

   Stable Response 920

   Average Inductor Current with Slope Compensation  923

   Incremental Average Current Transfer Function 926

Slope Variation from Input and Output Voltages 928

Fm0 Comparison Among Models 931

   Simple Unified Model 931

   Low-Frequency-Average and Unified Models 932

   Sampled-Loop Model 933

   Fairchild (and Early Middlebrook) Model 933

   Refined Model 934

Fm with Localized Slope Compensation 934

Waveform- and Circuit-Based Model Convergence 936

Valley-Current Control 938

296 pages

 

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